* Structuur: Functional groups are specific arrangements of atoms within a molecule. They contribute to the overall shape and geometry of the molecule, which can influence how it interacts with other molecules.

* Chemical Properties: Functional groups are responsible for the reactivity of a molecule. Ze dicteren de soorten chemische reacties die een molecuul kan ondergaan en hoe het zich in verschillende omgevingen zal gedragen.

Bijvoorbeeld:

* Alcohols (containing -OH) are known for their ability to form hydrogen bonds, making them more soluble in water than hydrocarbons.

* Carboxylic acids (containing -COOH) are acidic and can donate protons, while amines (containing -NH2) are basic and can accept protons.

Samenvattend: Functional groups are not just structural features; they are the key to understanding and predicting the chemical behavior of organic compounds.